Metaphors in “Master Harold”

18 January 2012 Metaphors in â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the young men â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the young men, is an incredible play composed by Athol Fugard that permits us to break down the intricate connection between a dark man and a youthful white kid inside the setting of prejudice in South Africa in the 1950’s. This play is described by similitudes utilized by the creator to outline the battle of individuals managing prejudice. One of the most significant topics of this play is prejudice, concentrating on the unfairness in South Africa when the politically-sanctioned racial segregation framework was in place.Racial isolation and partition in this time in history exhibits to us how this framework permitted inconsistent rights for whites and blacks. There is proof that the connection between Hally, the youthful white kid and Sam, the dark man is mind boggling because of the political framework that was set up that bolstered bigotry, making this re lationship complex and simultaneously humanistic. The complexities of this relationship are appeared through the creators utilization of viable allegories, for example, the kite and the seat, to delineate the beneficial encounters among Hally and Sam inside the racial and political time in which they lived.Through the kite and the seat analogies it becomes obvious that Hally and Sam have issues between them because of bigotry. A kite flying noticeable all around constrained by two individuals amazingly unique outwardly yet like dad and child within. The earthy colored paper kite analogy makes such a perplexing and intriguing connection among Hally and Sam. It likewise shows how much the political framework makes such an enormous impact on how individuals now and then consider others with various grounds of race, regardless of how close two individuals could be. During when Sam and Hally went to fly the kite, Hally was so eager to go with Sam.Although, simultaneously, he was addition ally miserable and frightened of what others will think when seeing him with a dark man attempting to fly an earthy colored paper kite made out of rubbish. Hally is consistently terrified of making a blockhead out of himself infront of individuals when around Sam. Since Sam is a dark man and Hally is only a youthful white kid, it isn't generally typical for them to be out together in the general population with the politically-sanctioned racial segregation framework going on. â€Å"Little white kid in shot pants and a dark man mature enough to be his dad flying a kite. It’s not ordinary you see that†(Fugard 31). At the point when together alone, Sam resembles a dad figure andHally wants to follow his strides, more than his genuine dad. Sam wants to cause Hally to feel glad for himself or even of something in his life since it doesn't occur regularly as a result of his coarse, alcoholic dad. Before individuals in any case, it resembles they truly are what their identity should be; a white kid with his folks hireling. At the point when Sam and Hally went out in the recreation center to proceed to fly the kite, Hally would not like to hold the string and run, since he was humiliated to see the kite not fly and tumble to the ground, something else he can't be pleased with. â€Å"The supernatural occurrence happened!I was running, sitting tight for it to collide with the ground, however rather abruptly there was something alive behind me toward the finish of the string, pulling at it as though it needed to be free. I thought back . . . I despite everything can't accept the obvious reality. It was flying. . . I was so glad for us†(Fugard 30)! For once in his life, Hally felt so pleased with himself in view of this kite, he would not like to cut it down. Needing to stay there the entire day and simply watch it take off in the sky. Sam needed Hally to be pleased with something, glad for himself, and he gave him the consolation for flying and movin g over his shame.Hally had one of the most astounding occasions flying that kite with Sam, yet once he plunked down on the seat, it was the ideal opportunity for Sam to leave. Sam left Hally up on the slope, with the a feeling of pride. Hally asked why Sam had disregarded him that day. Both of them were up there for quite a while. Hally sat on the one seat up on the slope that had a sign that said â€Å"Whites Only† on it. When Hally relates about their time along with the kite in the recreation center and afterward Sam needed to leave him, Sam is the person who illuminates him regarding the genuine motivation behind why he was unable to remain. Hally's beloved memory is that Sam needed to go to work.Hally was perched on a â€Å"Whites Only† seat, so Sam would not have been allowed to stay there with him. â€Å"‘You left me from that point onward, didn’t you?†¦ I needed you to remain, you know. ’‘I had work to do, Hally’†(Fu gard 30). Hally is loaded up with such a great amount of fury over his coarse, alcoholic dad. At the point when strife shows up, Hally lashes out on his two dark companions, particularly Sam. He attempts to imagine they are not companions by acting carefully like a chief. Due to Hally’s status as a white individual in a racially partitioned network, he is given the title of â€Å"Master† towards the dark men.Hally requests that Sam call him â€Å"Master Harold† starting now and into the foreseeable future, and Sam would possibly do this on the off chance that they were no longer companions. This is the situation for, when he spits in Sam's face, Hally becomes Master Harold to Sam. It is overcoming in the debasement of another white male as Hally has his spot on the seat of isolation. â€Å"If you're not careful†¦ Master Harold†¦ you will be sitting up there without anyone else for quite a while to come, and there won't be a kite in the sky†(Fuga rd 58). â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the young men is an incredible play including two characters that resemble outsiders outwardly, yet like family on the inside.The relationship of Sam and Hally is so unpredictable, and it generally has its good and bad times. Their relationship is chosen a great deal from the politically-sanctioned racial segregation framework that happens in the play, likewise with the utilization of the creators analogies, for example, the kite and seat. In any case, a seat isn't only a seat and a kite isn't only some common kite in this play. They need to do a ton with the connections of Sam and Hally and how it was brought about their background during the political occasions they lived respectively that associated with and came about with bigotry. Prejudice can generally come in strife with two individuals, regardless of how close they are.

Analysis of the Poem The Wreck of Deutschland by Gerard Manley Hopkins

SS Deutschland is an iron traveler liner of the Norddeutscher Lloyd arrangement which is the main departure from Bremen to New York. On December 4, 1875, Germany went with 123 settlers from Bremerhaven to New York. The climate state of the boat was horrendous; a blizzard hit a zone close to the Kentish Knock boat, Kent and the Essex bank of England. The German team attempted to withdraw however bombed when the weight burst the German propeller. Gerard Manley Hopkins has eight siblings and sisters conceived in Manley and Catherine Smith Hopkins. His folks are Episcopal places of worship that follow the Catholic custom ceremonies and pope. By planting the religious qualities, convictions, and ethics of Gerald, he was genuinely influenced by his family. His folks instructed him to adore God with other kids. Gerard was persuaded that she would get comfortable with the Bible by reinforcing her association with her mom, so Gerrard began perusing the New Testament at school. Gerald Manley Hopkins is constantly captivated by the singularity of individual reasoning and experience. As W. H. Gardner clarifies, Hopkins' optimal is verse and work of art, which is excellent. He utilizes the language as a way to inundate himself in the inclination however much as could be expected; stunningness, shock, disillusionment, disarray, distance, assurance and uncertainty. A portion of the incredible abstract works thrive in the voice of autonomous, other, and here and there deliberate iron deficient stories, yet Hopkins has discharged his sonnet all through his reality. The most expressive conviction His perceptualism is uncovered in the first representation, for example, yellow-yellow flame and striking staining. More extensive and increasingly exact terms. In the mid 1800s, an otherworldly artist was conceived. Gerard Manley Hopkins was conceived on 28th July 1844 to Manly and Catherine (Smith) Hopkins, the principal offspring of nine youngsters (Drabble 473). His folks were High Church Anglicans and his dad a year ago distributed countless sonnets (Drabble 473). He was delegated a minister of the Jesuits who composed a delightful sonnet loaded with congruity with nature. Much of the time, Hopkins' verse was distributed after the passing of 1889. Five years before Hopkins' demise, he composed six horrible poems that uncovered their internal torment and partition from God (Davi 86). These sonnets were composed by Hopkins as a teacher at Dublin College (Drabble 474). Hopkins' piece most noticeably awful, no, I woke up, feeling the obscurity, not the day's end is characteristic of mental agony brought about by his psychological torment

Addressing Street Crime Social Sciences Assignment - 550 Words

Addressing Street Crime Social Sciences Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Addressing Street CrimeStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationAddressing Street CrimeIntroductionSince the beginning of the millennium, street crime has attracted increased attention of multidisciplinary researchers including criminologists, sociologists, psychologists, economists, and education experts (Leverso, Bielby Hoelter, 2015). It assumes various forms such as bullying, gambling, taxing, vandalism, prostitution, robbery, substance abuse, and the use of weapons among others, which involve young people. The rate at which the crime exacerbates poses a huge threat to the offenders, victims, and the society (Hipp, 2015). As such, recent research has sought to identify the multifaceted motivations of street criminals. The causes of the increasing trend can be explained broadly from economic, social, and family structural perspectives. This paper analyses the factors that underpin the growing rate of street crime in the society.From the economic point of view, street crime is attributable to the challenges created by the increasing rate of urbanisation, industrialisation, and the different forms of migration (Hipp, 2015). The burgeoning city population strains economic resources. As such, a state of inequality exists in those areas. The underprivileged communities experience frustrations and alienation as only those with high economic strengths access resources. According to Bergen et al. (2014), inequality is one of the leading causes of street crime. The young people from impoverished families use illegal means such as street robbery and prostitution to obtain resources. Additional economic factors that increase street crime include youth unemployment, inflation, and political uncertainty.Researchers blame dysfunctional social institutions for the growing street crime in the society (Leverso, Bielby Hoelter, 2015). These institutions include the family, religion, economy, education, and politics. The changes that occur in these systems resul t in the improper socialisation of children. Secularisation, political uncertainty, the growth of single parent families and high rates of divorce are important social factors that increase child delinquency (Hipp, 2015).Also, community leadership and family values have declined in most urban settings. Sociologists and criminologists view antisocial and criminal behaviours as effects of failed community values (Bergen et al., 2014).School dropout is a major factor leading to the increasing rate of street crime in the society. For instance, in the United States, the rate of high-school dropouts is alarming and posing a significant threat to the public safety (Christeson et al., 2008). Many dropouts comprise youths from the minority groups such as the African-Americans and Latinos (Groff, Weisburd Yang, 2010). The children who fail to graduate from school become unemployed. As a consequence, Christeson et al. (2008) note that they indulge in criminal and antisocial behaviours includ ing robbery, selling drugs and prostitution as means of sustaining their lives in the urban environment.ConclusionStreet crime is rooted in economic, social, and educational factors. Since the turn of the new millennium, the breeds of street offenders have grown as the number and nature of motivations of criminal beha...

Importance of Symbolism in What We Talk About When We...

Symbols are an essential part of daily life, since they help to express ideas without the need of a detailed explanation; traffic signs informing drivers without short paragraphs being posted in their place, facial gestures expressing feelings without having to describe them verbally, just to name a common couple. Likewise, symbols are a crucial part of a literary work, helping the author subtly incorporate concepts throughout the work. An author will deliberately incorporate a symbol into his or her literary work, which alone would mean nothing, but in context carries out a point the author is trying to make. What We Talk About When We Talk About Love is a short story about four friends trying to find the true meaning of love, trying†¦show more content†¦Just like an alcoholic has a hard time admitting alcoholism, it is hard for a person in love to accept and fight against a spouse abusing him or her. For example, in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Terri shares her experience in her previous marriage, He beat me up one night. He dragged me around the living room by my ankles. He kept saying, ‘I love you, I love youÂ…, (Carver 763) where she explains how her husband would beat her and abuse her physically, but she still considered it being love. Carver also emphasizes the contradictions within the characters themselves in the story, which illustrates the uncertainty of love, and how there is not a clearly defined approach to understanding it. Returning to the topic of Terris previous marriage, Mel, her current husband, complains about his failure to understand how she could refer to that abusive relationship as love. However, later on when she corrects him while he is talking, he turns to her and asks her to shut up (Carver 767). Another important contradiction which takes place throughout the entire story, is how the four friends are discussing a subject which they all have had bad experiences with, since they have all been divorc ed and remarried. The contradictions throughout Carvers story symbolize how love can also contradict itself, and trying to understand love is impossible since so many particular cases can negate specific examples of love. Moreover,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Araby and Cask of Amontillado: a Comparison1002 Words   |  5 Pagesof another person. I will be talking about and comparing the different elements of each story and their relevance. Both stories take place in different countries. In â€Å"Araby† the story is about a boy from Ireland. The country itself doesn’t have too much importance. The story would be almost the same if the boy was from America. When the main character visits the bazaar is when the setting matters. In this case the setting in not the physical place, but what it represents. The items for sale areRead MoreUnderlying Meanings in Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway1296 Words   |  6 PagesElephants, is a story about a doomed relationship. Hemingway uses symbolism, dialogue, and also setting to tell this story. Behind the words said by the characters, and sights explained to the readers, are hidden meanings that when analyzed, bring the story to another level. Alcohol holds a certain amount of symbolism in the story. The two main characters, Jig, and a man we only come to know as The American are sitting in a bar. The pair order drinks, and they also talk about them. Though theRead MoreCompare And Contrast Thoreau And Walden1424 Words   |  6 PagesOliver are both very passionate about nature and what it has to offer in life, as well as the symbolism behind nature and its creatures in their works of literature, in â€Å"Walden†, and â€Å"The House of Light†, Both authors discuss their views of nature and the beauty of the world that they want to make familiar to their audience. In this essay, I’ll provide my reasoning behind this statement. In â€Å"Walden†, Thoreau talks about his experience living at Walden pond for what he said was two years, two monthsRead MoreSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topicsRead MoreComparison Of Harry Potter And The Sorcerers Stone1075 Words   |  5 Pagesof Hogwarts. With his father’s legacy to fulfill, Albus sets on mission to save Cedric Diggory, in doing so Albus puts all of Harry’s work to defeat Voldemort in jeopardy. Throughout the series J.K. Rowling uses techniques such as: Craft Moves, Symbolism, and Main Idea/Themes. This essay will compare the beginning story and the final story of the Harry Potter Series(Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Cursed Child), by their u sage of the previous techniques. 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Four Mountains Snow capped Four Clans Honaghaahnii, Bit’ahnii, Hashtl’ishnii, Todich’ii’nii Fours Colors White, blue, yellow, black Four Holy People White Body – Talking God Blue Body – Water Sprinkler Yellow Body – Calling God Black Body – Fire God Four calls Voice called 4 times beforeRead MoreModernization of Romance Elements Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pageselements of romance, such as the religious quest, love and adventure and courtly and chivalric life. By modernizing romance, Gaiman suggests that love and loyalty are important values even in today’s society, that courtly and chivalric life are still alive in one way and that, unfortunately, religious quest is not as much valued as it used to be. Gaiman does this by using literary elements such as symbolism, allusion, characterization and irony. 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Analysis Of The Dream Of The Rood - 1727 Words

Midterm for English 225 Please type your answers into a Word doc, save as pdf, and upload the pdf in the assignments part of our Canvas shell. It is due by midnight on 19 October 2017. Each topic is worth 20 points, for a total of 100 points. You may answer in any order you wish. . . (1) Our book includes Dream of the Rood (or cross); you can find it on pages 32-36. In your view, does this poem help us better to understand and interpret Beowulf? Should they be assigned together? In The Dream of the Rood, the Cross shows a vas sort of fidelity to Christ all through the whole torturous killing. This effective scene indicates Jesus baring himself and climbing onto the cross. He does this with much fearlessness, he displays an†¦show more content†¦Within Beowulf and The Dream of the Rood, you can perceive how these qualities were depicted by Beowulf, the Cross, and now and again Jesus, all likewise. Within these poems, Beowulf and the Cross are depicted as faithful and courageous, and Jesus and Beowulf as a warrior and a friend in need. It would make sense for us to study both poems together, although they do have unique warrior depictions. The poem â€Å"Dream of the Rood† would help us understand more about the Beowulf culture and why they chose certain characteristics to give to their heroes. Perhaps the Christian influence in Beowulf and the roots on what it means to be a warrior. (2) In class we viewed an excerpt of a modern BBC retelling of The Wife of Bath s Tale from Canterbury Tales. Does such a production prove the enduring value of Chaucer, or, rather, does it merely show that modern scriptwriters are very clever at stealing ideas—is the video about the clever thievery of modern writers more than it is about honoring the legend of Chaucer? Modern productions such as the one we viewed in class, do not attempt to make satirical references nor are they motivated by â€Å"clever thievery† of Chaucer’s work. Works like those of Chaucer are so widely known that any modernization falls flat as a retelling. Far older works such as Homers Odyssey have made immense marks in literature that as an audience one can identify parallels. Similarly stealing Chaucer’s work would be an extremelyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Dream Of The Rood1037 Words   |  5 Pagesstory where the author has the ability to control how it is interpreted. The Dream of the Rood is written so that it makes it difficult for the reader to see the difference between a savior and a warrior. If a story was written simply stating the individual’s goal rather than how that goal was achieved it would be easy to see them as a savior but it could be difficult to see them as a warrior. Presenting literary analysis from different sources will explain how the author portrayed the protagonistsRead MoreWomen in Sons and Lovers1597 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of feminism also includes all movements and campaigns that target men and boys for gender sensitization with a goal to end gender based discriminatory practices and achieve gender based equality. Feminist literary criticism is the critical analysis of literary works based on the feminist perspective. In particular, feminist literary critics tend to reject the patriarchal norms of literature that privileges masculine ways of thinking/points of view and marginalizes women politically, economicallyRead More Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God3994 Words   |  16 PagesFreedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves, the ex-slaves could not find enough good work to earn a living. Jim Crow laws were installed to push blacks further away from reaching their dreams. These laws were enforced after Plessy v. Ferguson conviction that blacks and whites could have everything separate but equal. This included schools, transportation, drinking fountains, bathrooms and more. By 1914Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesHRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING

Evidence Based Public Health

Question: Discuss about the Evidence Based Public Health. Answer: Introduction: Immunization is an effective strategy to combat key disease that affects children and improve their survival rate. Despite the immunization drive, many children from low- and middle income countries (LMICs) do not have access to full vaccine coverage according to national routine immunization schedule. Based on this problem, the Cochrane review article focussed on interventions for improving the childhood immunization coverage in LMICS. It purposes was to evaluate the methods taken by countries to improve childhood immunization coverage. The Cochrane researchers searched different clinical trials and selected studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (nRCTs), controlled-before-after studies (CBA) and interrupted time series (ITS) to evaluate the immunization coverage strategy. It identified why several countries still die from disease even though vaccines could be used to avoid death. A number of reasons exist for this and the rationale for th is review was to find ways by which maximum number of children is protected from disease by vaccination. The rationale for intervention strategy was that giving information to community members about vaccination, identifying children who has not been vaccinated through home visit and handing out vaccination reminder cards would be an useful approach to increase vaccine coverage among children. To bridge the gap and to realize a full potential of the immunization procedure a systematic intervention plan is the need of the hour. In this summary an evaluation of the effect of myriads of strategies to raise the count of children in LMICs for the prevention of disease was done by analyzing 14 relevant studies to envision a world where children will enjoy the right to live life free from diseases which are vaccine preventable. The aim of the review is to analyze the efficiency of strategies to augment and to increase childhood immunization coverage in these LMICs. Four individually randomized trials which were controlled and ten RCT cluster which met the inclusion criteria were used for the purpose of this review which were conducted in Nicaragua, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Georgia, Mexico, Honduras, India, Pakistan, Mali and Nepal. The PICOT table based on the selection criteria for considering studies for the purpose of this review is enlisted below PICOT Criteria P Population 1. Children who were under five received recommended WHO vaccines through regular childhood immunization. 2. Childrens caregivers who were receiving through regular immunization services for childhood. 3. Administration of vaccines by health care workers through childhood services in immunization. 4. As well as combination of all these. I Interventions Interventions 1. Following are the interventions under recipient oriented approach : i) Improving the communication regarding childhood immunization as cited by Willis in 2013: a) Educate; b) recall; c) skill teaching; d) provision of support; e) enhancing making of decision; f ) communication; g) boost ownership of community; h) vaccination requirement meet for entry in school; i) Utilizing recipient incentives. 2. Provider-oriented interventions, for example: ii) Training and education for providers 3. Interventions in health system, : i) Quality of service improvement ii)Outreach programmes iii) expanded services iv) Higher budgets for immunization; v) Services which integrated immunization with other services; 4. Multi-faceted combining the above interventions 5. Other C Comparison group Standardized practices in immunization in the study set up which means different or similar interventions which were implemented by applying varying degrees of stength. O Outcome of interest Primary outcomes 1. Children receiving DTP3 by one year of age. 2. Recommended vaccines received by children by two years of age. Secondary outcomes 1. Children who obtained the vaccine under the study which was conducted. 2.Under the age of five, the number of children who were completely immunized with all vaccines which were scheduled 3. Vaccine preventable disease occurrence 4. Cost of intervention 5. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI). 6. Caregivers and clients attitudes towards immunization (Oyo Ita et al., 2012). The review citing WHO 2012 report showed that the key criteria for minimization of bias were done by strictly adhering to Cochrane guidelines. Two researchers applied the EPOCs (Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of care) risk of bias criteria for the selected studies to determine the risk of bias in the study. All disagreements were resolved by consensus and risk of bias was classified into low risk, unclear risk or high risk. The risk of bias was presented for each included study. The reviewers decided that if all criteria prescribed by EPOC was met, then it will be categorized as low risk of bias and if one or more criteria remained unclear, then no score will be given. The criteria required by EPOC included clear outcome data, hiding outcome assessors, allocation concealment, protection against contamination, independence of intervention and affect on data collection (Oyo Ita et al., 2012). The interventions are broadly classified in to four approaches as per the figure. Figure 1 showing the different intervention to maximize immunization coverage The Cochrane review first summarized the efforts taken by WHO to maximize immunization drive and then gave details on effect of vaccination coverage strategy on different people. World Health Organization (WHO) was responsible for launching the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 1974 after the successful eradication of small pox as cited by Wiysonge in 2013. The number of children receiving doses three times of diptheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) is used as a scale to gauge the performance of EPI programmes. This programme promises to put a stop to 2.5 million children deaths from tuberculous meningitis and poliomyelitis. In spite of this, every year over a million children especially in the LMICs fail to receive the full vaccine course prescribed in the immunization national routine schedule. The WHO strived for a commendable achievement in curbing the death toll of children all over the world in preventing diseases which falls under the prevention by EPI. However, as cited by WHO 2015, globally children 18.7 million under one year of age were not vaccinated in 2014 with DTP3 where 57% -70 % of the number fall in ten such LMICs in African and South East Asian countries respectively. Progress of immunization coverage of DTP3 in these countries is very slow even though it reported 86% coverage globally in 2014 as cited by UNICEF in 2015. A well-structured decision about what interventions might work by analyzing scientific evidence will help to attain the desired outcomes in these countries (Oyo Ita et al., 2012). The WHO 2012 report highlighted that studies carried out in India and Pakistan under health education carried out an information campaign in India involving poster distribution and audiotape messages and targeted pictorial messages were provided in Pakistan in the form of leaflets as cited by Andersson in 2009. Three more studies were done in Nepal and Pakistan in providing health education at a facility. Under Monetary incentive intervention, cash transfer in Mexico was a provision if the conditions such as receiving regular immunization, monitoring growth and attendance of mothers in hygiene, health and nutrition education programs were met. In Nicaragua, a monthly cash transfer for food security based on the condition on attending workshops in health educations. In Zimbabwe, a cash transfer of 18 US Dollars per every household was proposed and if anyone had child below 18 years with no birth certificate, then they has to apply for it within three months. Also, by the reminder type card of immunization provision two such studies were evaluated. In Georgia, provider oriented intervention was observed were supportive supervision in a continuous manner as well as various tools for immunization were developed. In home visits program in Ghana, under graduate students conducted the visits to aim for the non-immunized children and referring them to health centers as cited by Brugha in 1996. Integrating various services like measures to prevent malaria and immunization were clubbed to assess the effects was shown by Dicko in 2011. In Honduras, as cited by Morris in 2004, a multifaceted approach set up a quality assurance teams in health centers which worked out a plan to include structural repairs, equipment purchase, drugs and materials at the centers. The aim of the QA training was to ensure that the quality of services is met by optimum utilization of services (Oyo Ita et al., 2012). The interventions shown in the figure were basically implemented as single interventions or as multi-faceted interventions. As per the review, with a moderate certainty it can be said that vaccination discussion with parents and giving information to members of the community at meeting in villages or home improve the coverage of immunization. Monetary incentives (which are in the form of various conditions of cash transfers as well as vouchers) may have very minimal effect. Also, with low certainty, provision of reminder type immunization card to parents combined with information regarding importance of vaccination may improve the coverage. Home visits, regular outreach programs of immunization by integrating with other health care services such as malaria treatment can also aid in immunization coverage although with low certainty (Oyo Ita et al., 2012). The type of interventions that was implemented in the study included recipient-oriented interventions, provider oriented interventions, health system interventions, multi-faceted interventions and other type of interventions to improve vaccine coverage in selected population. Recepient oriented intervention intended to improve communication about childhood immunization through education, teaching skills, facilitating decision, meeting vaccination requirement for school entry and using recipient incentives. The aim of provider oriented intervention was to reduce missed chance of childhood vaccination by auditing and giving feedback and giving health education. Health systems interventions targeted at improving quality of services by improving cold storage system, vaccine stock management and arranging for transport of vaccination materials. It aimed to expand services and arrange school immunization programme and door to door vaccine promotion. Other forms of interventions also helped to improve immunization coverage in selected countries (Oyo Ita et al., 2012). The current analysis of the evidence provides that the likelihood of the consequences of the interventions will vary widely; hence it offers scope for future research to evaluate: The participant reminding and recall suitable interventions which are effective in all countries. The adoption of community based health strategies such as mass campaigns instead of facility based which has shown more promise (Hall et al., 2014). Multifaceted intervention and provider oriented ones for improving childhood immunization coverage. Regulation to make entry in school compulsory to increase coverage. Incentive provision program for providers of vaccination. An action plan for immunization coverage and reduction of disease. This may include measuring sustainability such as integrating into routine service related to immunization, interventions with long term impact and incidence of the targeted diseases. Secondly, the effectiveness of cost of the interventions for different strategies (Machingaidze et al., 2013). Certain gaps in the study were also identified by Cochrane review. From the interventions which were tested in the review dont give a clear understanding whether they were tested in recognizable hindrance. The interventions studies varied considerably in their delivery which naturally raises questions regarding the credibility of its impact in different setting. For example, questions such as how likely it is that a short health education campaign be effective in improving the immunization schedule. How much effective an evidence based approach in a low literacy setting. How much likely that provision of monetary perks will work in an area with poor resource setting. As per Wiysonge et al., (2012), home visits may prove to be effective to deliver vaccine, but the use of college students or workers in community health may not be feasible in a resource deficit area. The wider applicability of this evidenced based research is difficult to explore due to discrepancy in identifying the po tential barriers. The varied diversity as well as contextual differenced make it difficult to provide long term implications. Secondly, referring children to immunization requires that the vaccination center be nearby and hence this type of intervention may not work where the centers are not in walking distance. There is lack of data on the interventions sustainability presented in this review, because none of the studies included in this review, reported long-term following up of data (Wiysonge et al., 2015). An estimated 2 to 3 million deaths every year are averted from diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (Pertussis) and measles. However, unfortunate 1.5 million deaths could be undone if immunization cover increases. To improve the childhood immunization coverage in LMIC, providing parents and the community as a whole with information, education in health in combination with reminder card of immunization, various outreach programmes with or without monetary benefits, visits at home, integrating immunization with other may prove to enhance the overall childhood immunization coverage in Low and middle income countries. But it should be kept in mind that the interventions were reported with a low certainty and most of the setting specific criteria needs to be considered as these interventions will be substantially differ in different areas. A thoroughly conducted RCT to fully assess the effects of interventions has to be undertaken. References Oyo Ita, A., Nwachukwu, C. E., Oringanje, C., Meremikwu, M. M. (2012). Cochrane Review: Interventions for improving coverage of child immunization in low and middle income countries.Evidence Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal,7(3), 959-1012. Machingaidze, S., Rehfuess, E., von Kries, R., Hussey, G. D., Wiysonge, C. S. (2013). Understanding interventions for improving routine immunization coverage in children in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews,2(1), 1. Wiysonge, C. S., Young, T., Kredo, T., McCaul, M., Volmink, J. (2015). Interventions for improving childhood vaccination coverage in low-and middle-income countries.SAMJ: South African Medical Journal,105(11), 892-893. Wiysonge, C. S., Uthman, O. A., Ndumbe, P. M., Hussey, G. D. (2012). Individual and contextual factors associated with low childhood immunisation coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis.PLoS One,7(5), e37905. Hall, C. S., Fottrell, E., Wilkinson, S., Byass, P. (2014). Assessing the impact of mHealth interventions in low-and middle-income countrieswhat has been shown to work?.Global health action,7.

To What Extent Had Hitler Established a Dictatorship free essay sample

Hitler had absolute control of Germany by 1934; therefore, he had established dictatorship by 1936 to a total extent. By definition, a dictator is an individual who has complete control over a nation’s religion, beliefs, has physical obedience of their subjects and has no opposition. This description is correct in describing Hitler, because he had the power to make laws, dismiss the Reichstag, control education, the media, books, and to eliminate opposition. He established compulsory youth groups and trade unions in order to present and impose his racist and supremacy ideology. Hitler’s idea of ‘Gleichshaltung’ (co-ordination) was established in order to co-ordinate all aspects of political and social life. Hitler achieved this by eliminating any opposition, creating a fear of Jews and Communists, and by sustaining his popularity with the citizens of Germany. One of the key factors that enabled Hitler to establish a dictatorship in Germany by 1936 was his ability to gain and sustain popularity from the German nation. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Had Hitler Established a Dictatorship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In his speeches, he addressed every socio-economic group and promised answers to their problems. One such example was unemployment. Hitler fulfilled his promise by forming the National Labour Service in 1934, where it was compulsory for men from the ages of 19 to 25 to perform public works for six months, such as building the O-Bahn, which was a road that allowed the transportation of ammunition and troops. By creating the National Labour Service, the number of unemployment, decreased from 6,000,000 in 1933 to 302,000 by 1939. This gained popularity for Hitler because he was providing employment, and thus allowing people to gain an income, which in turn was addressing some of the main issues in Germany. But at the same time, it was part of Hitler’s scheme to prepare Germany for War, which was defying The Treaty of Versailles. Germany was embittered from the social, economic and financial implications of the Treaty of Versailles, and was therefore happy that they were being encouraged to work against it. This is an example of how Hitler was able to gain and sustain popularity from the German nation, which lead to his dictatorship by 1926. Another way in which Hitler was able to gain and sustain popularity was by creating a hate and a fear of Jews, which was an integral part of Hitler’s Aryan ideology . At the beginning of Hitler’s rise to power, he often preyed on the Jews a as threats to society. According to Adolf Hitler, Jews were responsible for everything he did not like, for example, pornography and prostitution, despite the fact that Hitler grew up with Jewish friends. Hitler alleged that the Jews had been responsible for the loss WWI. Because Jews were notorious for running large businesses, they were also seen responsible for the Great Depression, as they failed to halt the depression. Hitler also claimed that Jews, who composed only about 1% of the population, were slowly taking over the country. They were supposedly doing this by controlling the largest political party in Germany, the German Social Democrat Party, which controlled many of the leading companies and several of the countrys newspapers. Hitler was able to establish a dictatorship in Germany by 1936 to a total extent by enforcing his ideology of Germany being a supreme, strong, superior race. This was done by anti-Semitic activities, as previously mentioned, and by passing the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which outlawed any relationships and marriages between Jews and Aryans, as they threatened the preservation of ‘pure Aryan blood’. The laws also abolished the citizenship of Jews, whether or not they were born in Germany, and genetically defined what a Jew was. Even if an individual was not a practicing Jew, they were deemed as Jews if they had Jewish grandparents. Jews were also not allowed at public parks, swimming pools, and public transport facilities. Anti-Semitic laws did not only affect the Jews, it also affected people who had undesirable qualities, such as a disability, or a physical or mental disorder. Germans were also encouraged not to use Jewish doctors and lawyers. Jewish civil servants, teachers and those employed by the mass media were sacked. During Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) over 7,500 Jewish shops were destroyed and 400 synagogues were burnt down. Ninety-one Jews were killed and an estimated 20,000 were sent to concentration camps. In order to ensure that Germany was to be run by racially pure and strong people, youth groups were established, such as the League of German Maidens, where it was compulsory for girls to learn domestic duties and physical activities to ensure that they were physically fit and could rightfully provide for a family. By creating a mass hate and fear of Jews, Hitler provided people with a scapegoat to blame all the problems of the past on. By doing this, Hitler was able to establish a dictatorship by 1936 to a large extent. In addition, another factor that led to Hitler’s complete dictatorship by 1936 was the complete control of education and media. Teachers who did not support the Nazi Party were sacked, and textbooks had to be approved by the party. Any books that may have contained any Semitic materials were burned. Students were taught Racial Science, where they learned the importance of sustaining a pure race and the dangers of â€Å"blood poisoning†. Students were also taught a lot of physical activity and history, as it was believed that it was important to establish and maintain a mentally and physically strong race. The establishment of compulsory youth groups such as the League of German Maidens, Jungvolk and Hitler Youth. Girls were made to learn domestic duties to learn to become good wives and mothers. Boys were taught army skills, had to learn Nazi philosophy, and were presented with a â€Å"Blood and Honour† dagger. At the beginning of these youth groups, children were made to pledge allegiance to Hitler. By doing this, it glorified the Nazi image to children, who are vulnerable and easy to manipulate. These factors helped Hitler to establish a dictatorship by 1936. The establishment of compulsory youth groups and were put in place in order to present and impose his racist and supremacy ideology, and to gain and sustain popularity.

Free Essays on ABOLISING DEATH PENALTY

The Death Penalty I.Attention A."The death penalty is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. It violates the right to life. It is irrevocable and can be inflicted on the innocent and has never been shown to deter crime more effectively than other punishments." Quoted from Amnesty International Website. Since the beginning of this century, 23 innocent people have been executed in the United States alone. These 23 people were wrongly tried, convicted, and executed. II.Need A.There are several reasons why we should look to alternative solutions to the problem of capital crimes. 1.Cruel and Inhumane Punishment/Loss of Human Rights a.The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment. In the United States, cruel and unusual punishment is outlawed by the eighth amendment. Lethal injection is often cited as the most humane method of execution, but even this method involves violent loss of control, and gasping for breath during the process. The death penalty takes away the most basic of all human rights, the right to life. 2.Does not Deter Crime a.The deterrence of crime has always been one of the strongest supporting arguments for the death penalty. There have been many studies done, and there is no evidence that the death penalty can be linked to a decrease in violent crimes, such as murder. This graph from the Death Penalty Information Center shows that there is very little connection between the number of people executed and crimes such as murder. 3.Justice a.Another strong supporting argument for the death penalty is that it provides justice for the victims of the crime. Justice is defined by Webster’s Third New International Dictionary as "the maintenance or administration of what is just," and the word just is defined as "acting or being in conformity with what is morally right or good." From these definitions we can then say that justice is upholding what is morally right and good. Killing ano... Free Essays on ABOLISING DEATH PENALTY Free Essays on ABOLISING DEATH PENALTY The Death Penalty I. Attention A. "The death penalty is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. It violates the right to life. It is irrevocable and can be inflicted on the innocent and has never been shown to deter crime more effectively than other punishments." Quoted from Amnesty International Website. Since the beginning of this century, 23 innocent people have been executed in the United States alone. These 23 people were wrongly tried, convicted, and executed. II. Need A. There are several reasons why we should look to alternative solutions to the problem of capital crimes. 1. Cruel and Inhumane Punishment/Loss of Human Rights a. The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment. In the United States, cruel and unusual punishment is outlawed by the eighth amendment. Lethal injection is often cited as the most humane method of execution, but even this method involves violent loss of control, and gasping for breath during the process. The death penalty takes away the most basic of all human rights, the right to life. 2. Does not Deter Crime a. The deterrence of crime has always been one of the strongest supporting arguments for the death penalty. There have been many studies done, and there is no evidence that the death penalty can be linked to a decrease in violent crimes, such as murder. This graph from the Death Penalty Information Center shows that there is very little connection between the number of people executed and crimes such as murder. 3. Justice a. Another strong supporting argument for the death penalty is that it provides justice for the victims of the crime. Justice is defined by Webster’s Third New International Dictionary as "the maintenance or administration of what is just," and the word just is defined as "acting or being in conformity with what is morally right or good." From these definitions we can then say that justice is upholding what is morally right and good. Killing ano...

Barack Obama - Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Health Care Reform (9 September 2009)

Barack Obama Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Health Care Reform delivered 9 September 2009 Madam Speaker, Vice President Biden, members of Congress, and the American people:When I spoke here last winter, this nation was facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. We were losing an average of 700,000 jobs per month. Credit was frozen. And our financial system was on the verge of collapse.As any American who is still looking for work or a way to pay their bills will tell you, we are by no means out of the woods. A full and vibrant recovery is still many months away. And I will not let up until those Americans who seek jobs can find them until those businesses that seek capital and credit can thrive; until all responsible homeowners can stay in their homes. That is our ultimate goal. But thanks to the bold and decisive action weve taken since January, I can stand here with confidence and say that we have pulled this economy back from the brink. I want to thank the members of this body for your efforts and your support in these last several months, and especially those whove taken the difficult votes that have put us on a path to recovery. I also want to thank the American people for their patience and resolve during this trying time for our nation. But we did not come here just to clean up crises. We came here to build a future. So tonight, I return to speak to all of you about an issue that is central to that future and that is the issue of health care. I am not the first President to take up this cause, but I am determined to be the last. It has now been nearly a century since Theodore Roosevelt first called for health care reform. And ever since, nearly every President and Congress, whether Democrat or Republican, has attempted to meet this challenge in some way. A bill for comprehensive health reform was first introduced by John Dingell Sr. in 1943. Sixty-five years later, his son continues to introduce that same bill at the beginning of each session. Our collective failure to meet this challenge year after year, decade after decade has led us to the breaking point. Everyone understands the extraordinary hardships that are placed on the uninsured, who live every day just one accident or illness away from bankruptcy. These are not primarily people on welfare. These are middle-class Americans. Some cant get insurance on the job. Others are self-employed, and cant afford it, since buying insurance on your own costs you three times as much as the coverage you get from your employer. Many other Americans who are willing and able to pay are still denied insurance due to previous illnesses or conditions that insurance companies decide are too risky or too expensive to cover. We are the only democracy the only advanced democracy on Earth the only wealthy nation that allows such hardship for millions of its people. There are now more than 30 million American citizens who cannot get coverage. In just a two-year period, one in every three Americans goes without health care coverage at some point. And every day, 14,000 Americans lose their coverage. In other words, it can happen to anyone. But the problem that plagues the health care system is not just a problem for the uninsured. Those who do have insurance have never had less security and stability than they do today. More and more Americans worry that if you move, lose your job, or change your job, youll lose your health insurance too. More and more Americans pay their premiums, only to discover that their insurance company has dropped their coverage when they get sick, or wont pay the full cost of care. It happens every day. One man from Illinois lost his coverage in the middle of chemotherapy because his insurer found that he hadnt reported gallstones that he didnt even know about. They delayed his treatment, and he died because of it. Another woman from Texas was about to get a double mastectomy when her insurance company canceled her policy because she forgot to declare a case of acne. By the time she had her insurance reinstated, her breast cancer had more than doubled in size. That is heart-breaking, it is wrong, and no one should be treated that way in the United States of America. Then theres the problem of rising cost. We spend one and a half times more per person on health care than any other country, but we arent any healthier for it. This is one of the reasons that insurance premiums have gone up three times faster than wages. Its why so many employers especially small businesses are forcing their employees to pay more for insurance, or are dropping their coverage entirely. Its why so many aspiring entrepreneurs cannot afford to open a business in the first place, and why American businesses that compete internationally like our automakers are at a huge disadvantage. And its why those of us with health insurance are also paying a hidden and growing tax for those without it about $1,000 per year that pays for somebody elses emergency room and charitable care. Finally, our health care system is placing an unsustainable burden on taxpayers. When health care costs grow at the rate they have, it puts greater pressure on programs like Medicare and Medicaid. If we do nothing to slow these skyrocketing costs, we will eventually be spending more on Medicare and Medicaid than every other government program combined. Put simply, our health care problem is our deficit problem. Nothing else even comes close. Nothing else. Now, these are the facts. Nobody disputes them. We know we must reform this system. The question is how. There are those on the left who believe that the only way to fix the system is through a single-payer system like Canadas where we would severely restrict the private insurance market and have the government provide coverage for everybody. On the right, there are those who argue that we should end employer-based systems and leave individuals to buy health insurance on their own. Ive said I have to say that there are arguments to be made for both these approaches. But either one would represent a radical shift that would disrupt the health care most people currently have. Since health care represents one-sixth of our economy, I believe it makes more sense to build on what works and fix what doesnt, rather than try to build an entirely new system from scratch. And that is precisely what those of you in Congress have tried to do over the past several months. During that time, weve seen Washington at its best and at its worst. Weve seen many in this chamber work tirelessly for the better part of this year to offer thoughtful ideas about how to achieve reform. Of the five committees asked to develop bills, four have completed their work, and the Senate Finance Committee announced today that it will move forward next week. That has never happened before. Our overall efforts have been supported by an unprecedented coalition of doctors and nurses; hospitals, seniors groups, and even drug companies many of whom opposed reform in the past. And there is agreement in this chamber on about 80 percent of what needs to be done, putting us closer to the goal of reform than we have ever been. But what weve also seen in these last months is the same partisan spectacle that only hardens the disdain many Americans have towards their own government. Instead of honest debate, weve seen scare tactics. Some have dug into unyielding ideological camps that offer no hope of compromise. Too many have used this as an opportunity to score short-term political points, even if it robs the country of our opportunity to solve a long-term challenge. And out of this blizzard of charges and counter-charges, confusion has reigned. Well, the time for bickering is over. The time for games has passed. Now is the season for action. Now is when we must bring the best ideas of both parties together, and show the American people that we can still do what we were sent here to do. Now is the time to deliver on health care. Now is the time to deliver on health care. The plan Im announcing tonight would meet three basic goals. It will provide more security and stability to those who have health insurance. It will provide insurance for those who dont. And it will slow the growth of health care costs for our families, our businesses, and our government. Its a plan that asks everyone to take responsibility for meeting this challenge not just government, not just insurance companies, but everybody including employers and individuals. And its a plan that incorporates ideas from senators and congressmen, from Democrats and Republicans and yes, from some of my opponents in both the primary and general election. Here are the details that every American needs to know about this plan. First, if you are among the hundreds of millions of Americans who already have health insurance through your job, or Medicare, or Medicaid, or the VA, nothing in this plan will require you or your employer to change the coverage or the doctor you have. Let me repeat this: Nothing in our plan requires you to change what you have. What this plan will do is make the insurance you have work better for you. Under this plan, it will be against the law for insurance companies to deny you coverage because of a preexisting condition. As soon as I sign this bill, it will be against the law for insurance companies to drop your coverage when you get sick or water it down when you need it the most. They will no longer be able to place some arbitrary cap on the amount of coverage you can receive in a given year or in a lifetime. We will place a limit on how much you can be charged for out-of-pocket expenses, because in the United States of America, no one should go broke because they get sick. And insurance companies will be required to cover, with no extra charge, routine checkups and preventive care, like mammograms and colonoscopies because theres no reason we shouldnt be catching diseases like breast cancer and colon cancer before they get worse. That makes sense, it saves money, and it saves lives. Now, thats what Americans who have health insurance can expect from this plan more security and more stability. Now, if youre one of the tens of millions of Americans who dont currently have health insurance, the second part of this plan will finally offer you quality, affordable choices. If you lose your job or you change your job, youll be able to get coverage. If you strike out on your own and start a small business, youll be able to get coverage. Well do this by creating a new insurance exchange a marketplace where individuals and small businesses will be able to shop for health insurance at competitive prices. Insurance companies will have an incentive to participate in this exchange because it lets them compete for millions of new customers. As one big group, these customers will have greater leverage to bargain with the insurance companies for better prices and quality coverage. This is how large companies and government employees get affordable insurance. Its how everyone in this Congress gets affordable insurance. And its time to give every American the same opportunity that we give ourselves. Now, for those individuals and small businesses who still cant afford the lower-priced insurance available in the exchange, well provide tax credits, the size of which will be based on your need. And all insurance companies that want access to this new marketplace will have to abide by the consumer protections I already mentioned. This exchange will take effect in four years, which will give us time to do it right. In the meantime, for those Americans who cant get insurance today because they have preexisting medical conditions, we will immediately offer low-cost coverage that will protect you against financial ruin if you become seriously ill. This was a good idea when Senator John McCain proposed it in the campaign, its a good idea now, and we should all embrace it. Now, even if we provide these affordable options, there may be those especially the young and the healthy who still want to take the risk and go without coverage. There may still be companies that refuse to do right by their workers by giving them coverage. The problem is, such irresponsible behavior costs all the rest of us money. If there are affordable options and people still dont sign up for health insurance, it means we pay for these peoples expensive emergency room visits. If some businesses dont provide workers health care, it forces the rest of us to pick up the tab when their workers get sick, and gives those businesses an unfair advantage over their competitors. And unless everybody does their part, many of the insurance reforms we seek especially requiring insurance companies to cover preexisting conditions just cant be achieved. And thats why under my plan, individuals will be required to carry basic health insurance just as most states require you to carry auto insurance. Likewise likewise, businesses will be required to either offer their workers health care, or chip in to help cover the cost of their workers. There will be a hardship waiver for those individuals who still cant afford coverage, and 95 percent of all small businesses, because of their size and narrow profit margin, would be exempt from these requirements. But we cant have large businesses and individuals who can afford coverage game the system by avoiding responsibility to themselves or their employees. Improving our health care system only works if everybody does their part. And while there remain some significant details to be ironed out, I believe I believe a broad consensus exists for the aspects of the plan I just outlined: consumer protections for those with insurance, an exchange that allows individuals and small businesses to purchase affordable coverage, and a requirement that people who can afford insurance get insurance. And I have no doubt that these reforms would greatly benefit Americans from all walks of life, as well as the economy as a whole. Still, given all the misinformation thats been spread over the past few months, I realize I realize that many Americans have grown nervous about reform. So tonight I want to address some of the key controversies that are still out there. Some of peoples concerns have grown out of bogus claims spread by those whose only agenda is to kill reform at any cost. The best example is the claim made not just by radio and cable talk show hosts, but by prominent politicians, that we plan to set up panels of bureaucrats with the power to kill off senior citizens. Now, such a charge would be laughable if it werent so cynical and irresponsible. It is a lie, plain and simple. There are also those who claim that our reform efforts would insure illegal immigrants. This, too, is false. The reforms the reforms Im proposing would not apply to those who are here illegally. Rep. Joe Wilson, R-South Carolina: You lie! President Obama: Its not true. And one more misunderstanding I want to clear up under our plan, no federal dollars will be used to fund abortions, and federal conscience laws will remain in place. Now, my health care proposal has also been attacked by some who oppose reform as a government takeover of the entire health care system. As proof, critics point to a provision in our plan that allows the uninsured and small businesses to choose a publicly sponsored insurance option, administered by the government just like Medicaid or Medicare. So let me set the record straight here. My guiding principle is, and always has been, that consumers do better when there is choice and competition. Thats how the market works. Unfortunately, in 34 states, 75 percent of the insurance market is controlled by five or fewer companies. In Alabama, almost 90 percent is controlled by just one company. And without competition, the price of insurance goes up and quality goes down. And it makes it easier for insurance companies to treat their customers badly by cherry-picking the healthiest individuals and trying to drop the sickest, by overcharging small businesses who have no leverage, and by jacking up rates. Insurance executives dont do this because theyre bad people; they do it because its profitable. As one former insurance executive testified before Congress, insurance companies are not only encouraged to find reasons to drop the seriously ill, they are rewarded for it. All of this is in service of meeting what this former executive called Wall Streets relentless profit expectations. Now, I have no interest in putting insurance companies out of business. They provide a legitimate service, and employ a lot of our friends and neighbors. I just want to hold them accountable. And the insurance reforms that Ive already mentioned would do just that. But an additional step we can take to keep insurance companies honest is by making a not-for-profit public option available in the insurance exchange. Now, let me be clear. Let me be clear. It would only be an option for those who dont have insurance. No one would be forced to choose it, and it would not impact those of you who already have insurance. In fact, based on Congressional Budget Office estimates, we believe that less than 5 percent of Americans would sign up. Despite all this, the insurance companies and their allies dont like this idea. They argue that these private companies cant fairly compete with the government. And theyd be right if taxpayers were subsidizing this public insurance option. But they wont be. Ive insisted that like any private insurance company, the public insurance option would have to be self-sufficient and rely on the premiums it collects. But by avoiding some of the overhead that gets eaten up at private companies by profits and excessive administrative costs and executive salaries, it could provide a good deal for consumers, and would also keep pressure on private insurers to keep their policies affordable and treat their customers better, the same way public colleges and universities provide additional choice and competition to students without in any way inhibiting a vibrant system of private colleges and universities. Now, it is its worth noting that a strong majority of Americans still favor a public insurance option of the sort Ive proposed tonight. But its impact shouldnt be exaggerated by the left or the right or the media. It is only one part of my plan, and shouldnt be used as a handy excuse for the usual Washington ideological battles. To my progressive friends, I would remind you that for decades, the driving idea behind reform has been to end insurance company abuses and make coverage available for those without it. The public option the public option is only a means to that end and we should remain open to other ideas that accomplish our ultimate goal. And to my Republican friends, I say that rather than making wild claims about a government takeover of health care, we should work together to address any legitimate concerns you may have. For example For example, some have suggested that the public option go into effect only in those markets where insurance companies are not providing affordable policies. Others have proposed a co-op or another non-profit entity to administer the plan. These are all constructive ideas worth exploring. But I will not back down on the basic principle that if Americans cant find affordable coverage, we will provide you with a choice. And I will make sure that no government bureaucrat or insurance company bureaucrat gets between you and the care that you need. Finally, let me discuss an issue that is a great concern to me, to members of this chamber, and to the public and thats how we pay for this plan. And heres what you need to know. First, I will not sign a plan that adds one dime to our deficits either now or in the future. I will not sign it if it adds one dime to the deficit, now or in the future, period. And to prove that Im serious, there will be a provision in this plan that requires us to come forward with more spending cuts if the savings we promised dont materialize. Now, part of the reason I faced a trillion-dollar deficit when I walked in the door of the White House is because too many initiatives over the last decade were not paid for from the Iraq war to tax breaks for the wealthy. I will not make that same mistake with health care. Second, weve estimated that most of this plan can be paid for by finding savings within the existing health care system, a system that is currently full of waste and abuse. Right now, too much of the hard-earned savings and tax dollars we spend on health care dont make us any healthier. Thats not my judgment its the judgment of medical professionals across this country. And this is also true when it comes to Medicare and Medicaid. In fact, I want to speak directly to seniors for a moment, because Medicare is another issue thats been subjected to demagoguery and distortion during the course of this debate. More than four decades ago, this nation stood up for the principle that after a lifetime of hard work, our seniors should not be left to struggle with a pile of medical bills in their later years. Thats how Medicare was born. And it remains a sacred trust that must be passed down from one generation to the next. And that is why not a dollar of the Medicare trust fund will be used to pay for this plan. The only thing this plan would eliminate is the hundreds of billions of dollars in waste and fraud, as well as unwarranted subsidies in Medicare that go to insurance companies subsidies that do everything to pad their profits but dont improve the care of seniors. And we will also create an independent commission of doctors and medical experts charged with identifying more waste in the years ahead. Now, these steps will ensure that you Americas seniors get the benefits youve been promised. They will ensure that Medicare is there for future generations. And we can use some of the savings to fill the gap in coverage that forces too many seniors to pay thousands of dollars a year out of their own pockets for prescription drugs. Thats what this plan will do for you. So dont pay attention to those scary stories about how your benefits will be cut, especially since some of the same folks who are spreading these tall tales have fought against Medicare in the past and just this year supported a budget that would essentially have turned Medicare into a privatized voucher program. That will not happen on my watch. I will protect Medicare. Now, because Medicare is such a big part of the health care system, making the program more efficient can help usher in changes in the way we deliver health care that can reduce costs for everybody. We have long known that some places like the Intermountain Healthcare in Utah or the Geisinger Health System in rural Pennsylvania offer high-quality care at costs below average. So the commission can help encourage the adoption of these common-sense best practices by doctors and medical professionals throughout the system everything from reducing hospital infection rates to encouraging better coordination between teams of doctors. Reducing the waste and inefficiency in Medicare and Medicaid will pay for most of this plan. Now, much of the rest would be paid for with revenues from the very same drug and insurance companies that stand to benefit from tens of millions of new customers. And this reform will charge insurance companies a fee for their most expensive policies, which will encourage them to provide greater value for the money an idea which has the support of Democratic and Republican experts. And according to these same experts, this modest change could help hold down the cost of health care for all of us in the long run. Now, finally, many in this chamber particularly on the Republican side of the aisle have long insisted that reforming our medical malpractice laws can help bring down the cost of health care. Now there you go. There you go. Now, I dont believe malpractice reform is a silver bullet, but Ive talked to enough doctors to know that defensive medicine may be contributing to unnecessary costs.So Im proposing that we move forward on a range of ideas about how to put patient safety first and let doctors focus on practicing medicine. I know that the Bush administration considered authorizing demonstration projects in individual states to test these ideas. I think its a good idea, and Im directing my Secretary of Health and Human Services to move forward on this initiative today. Now, add it all up, and the plan Im proposing will cost around $900 billion over 10 years less than we have spent on the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and less than the tax cuts for the wealthiest few Americans that Congress passed at the beginning of the previous administration. Now, most of these costs will be paid for with money already being spent but spent badly in the existing health care system. The plan will not add to our deficit. The middle class will realize greater security, not higher taxes. And if we are able to slow the growth of health care costs by just one-tenth of 1 percent each year one-tenth of 1 percent it will actually reduce the deficit by $4 trillion over the long term. Now, this is the plan Im proposing. Its a plan that incorporates ideas from many of the people in this room tonight Democrats and Republicans. And I will continue to seek common ground in the weeks ahead. If you come to me with a serious set of proposals, I will be there to listen. My door is always open. But know this: I will not waste time with those who have made the calculation that its better politics to kill this plan than to improve it. I wont stand by while the special interests use the same old tactics to keep things exactly the way they are. If you misrepresent whats in this plan, we will call you out. And I will not and I will not accept the status quo as a solution. Not this time. Not now. Everyone in this room knows what will happen if we do nothing. Our deficit will grow. More families will go bankrupt. More businesses will close. More Americans will lose their coverage when they are sick and need it the most. And more will die as a result. We know these things to be true. That is why we cannot fail. Because there are too many Americans counting on us to succeed the ones who suffer silently, and the ones who shared their stories with us at town halls, in e-mails, and in letters. I received one of those letters a few days ago. It was from our beloved friend and colleague, Ted Kennedy. He had written it back in May, shortly after he was told that his illness was terminal. He asked that it be delivered upon his death. In it, he spoke about what a happy time his last months were, thanks to the love and support of family and friends, his wife, Vicki, his amazing children, who are all here tonight. And he expressed confidence that this would be the year that health care reform that great unfinished business of our society, he called it would finally pass. He repeated the truth that health care is decisive for our future prosperity, but he also reminded me that it concerns more than material things. What we face, he wrote, is above all a moral issue; at stake are not just the details of policy, but fundamental principles of social justice and the character of our country. Ive thought about that phrase quite a bit in recent days the character of our country. One of the unique and wonderful things about America has always been our self-reliance, our rugged individualism, our fierce defense of freedom and our healthy skepticism of government. And figuring out the appropriate size and role of government has always been a source of rigorous and, yes, sometimes angry debate. Thats our history. For some of Ted Kennedys critics, his brand of liberalism represented an affront to American liberty. In their minds, his passion for universal health care was nothing more than a passion for big government. But those of us who knew Teddy and worked with him here people of both parties know that what drove him was something more. His friend Orrin Hatch he knows that. They worked together to provide children with health insurance. His friend John McCain knows that. They worked together on a Patients Bill of Rights. His friend Chuck Grassley knows that. They worked together to provide health care to children with disabilities. On issues like these, Ted Kennedys passion was born not of some rigid ideology, but of his own experience. It was the experience of having two children stricken with cancer. He never forgot the sheer terror and helplessness that any parent feels when a child is badly sick. And he was able to imagine what it must be like for those without insurance, what it would be like to have to say to a wife or a child or an aging parent, there is something that could make you better, but I just cant afford it. That large-heartedness that concern and regard for the plight of others is not a partisan feeling. Its not a Republican or a Democratic feeling. It, too, is part of the American character our ability to stand in other peoples shoes; a recognition that we are all in this together, and when fortune turns against one of us, others are there to lend a helping hand; a belief that in this country, hard work and responsibility should be rewarded by some measure of security and fair play; and an acknowledgment that sometimes government has to step in to help deliver on that promise. This has always been the history of our progress. In 1935, when over half of our seniors could not support themselves and millions had seen their savings wiped away, there were those who argued that Social Security would lead to socialism, but the men and women of Congress stood fast, and we are all the better for it. In 1965, when some argued that Medicare represented a government takeover of health care, members of Congress Democrats and Republicans did not back down. They joined together so that all of us could enter our golden years with some basic peace of mind. You see, our predecessors understood that government could not, and should not, solve every problem. They understood that there are instances when the gains in security from government action are not worth the added constraints on our freedom. But they also understood that the danger of too much government is matched by the perils of too little; that without the leavening hand of wise policy, markets can crash, monopolies can stifle competition, the vulnerable can be exploited. And they knew that when any government measure, no matter how carefully crafted or beneficial, is subject to scorn; when any efforts to help people in need are attacked as un-American; when facts and reason are thrown overboard and only timidity passes for wisdom, and we can no longer even engage in a civil conversation with each other over the things that truly matter that at that point we dont merely lose our capacity to solve big challenges. We lose something essential about ourselves. That was true then. It remains true today. I understand how difficult this health care debate has been. I know that many in this country are deeply skeptical that government is looking out for them. I understand that the politically safe move would be to kick the can further down the road to defer reform one more year, or one more election, or one more term. But that is not what the moment calls for. Thats not what we came here to do. We did not come to fear the future. We came here to shape it. I still believe we can act even when its hard. I still believe I still believe that we can act when its hard. I still believe we can replace acrimony with civility, and gridlock with progress. I still believe we can do great things, and that here and now we will meet historys test. Because thats who we are. That is our calling. That is our character. Thank you, God bless you, and may God bless the United States of America. Source: WhiteHouse.gov

Casey Anthony Court Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casey Anthony Court Case - Research Paper Example On this note, investigations on the disappearance of the young girl began immediately. The sheriff conducting the study interrogated every member of Anthony family concerning the matter. He also did a forensic fingerprint scan in all the rooms in the house Caylee Anthony could have been last. However, despite the efforts of the investigators, Casey still came up with false stories parting the matter. In addition to her earlier allegation that Caylee was with Zenaida Fernandez Gonzalez her babysitter, she made-up three more lies. The first one she claimed that Jeffrey Hopkins and Juliette Lewis were the first she had told of her missing daughter. The second one she lied to be an employee at Universal Studio in Orlando. Lastly, she claimed to have spoken to Caylee on the phone the day before she was reported missing. All these false statements were later discovered and she was arrested for giving wrong information to the police (Montaldo, 2012). A search on the family computer reviled the most significant findings in the Casey Anthony’s case since they changed the case from a kidnap case to a murder case. Computer forensics specialists managed to retrieve browsing history of all website pages browsed using the home computer and sorted those related to the case. Some of the pages from Internet Explorer browser, commonly used by the girl’s mother, reviled questionable research. ... There were also Google pages showing a research on â€Å"fool-proof suffocation technique† on the eve day the girl was last seen alive (Jones, 2012). The body of the young girl was later, about six months after her disappearance, discovered near the house belonging to Anthony. The body was decomposed to the extent that the actual cause of death could not be determined. However, a duct tape was discovered attached on the front of Caylee’s skull (Hopper, 2011). The duct tape could have been a perfect weapon to suffocate the child and prevent her from screaming during the struggle. This led to a conclusion that the child must have been poisoned using chloroform and then suffocated using a duct tape. The evidence was, therefore, enough to convict Casey with the first degree murder, manslaughter, child abuse, and provision of false information in a court of law. The trails on the case were held in the Orange Courthouse in Orlando where the evidence was brought to the attenti on of the jury and judge. The presiding judge was known as Belvin Perry, and the jury had 12 jurors, 7 women and 5 men, and five alternates. To come up with the courtroom work group, a panel of the jury and the alternates, the court took 11 consecutive days of extreme questioning of the potential panelist from Tampa Bay area. The case had two prosecutors Linda Drane Burdick and Jeff Ashton versus Casey Anthony’s attorney Jose Baez. The first trial was held on May 24th 2011 where both sides got an opportunity to give their opening statements (Montaldo, 2012). The defense Attorney Jose Baez stunned the jury and the entire courtroom in his opening statement. The Attorney argued that the

Roman Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roman Art - Essay Example ially the Archaic period had several rigid rules of representation to be adhered to, and although they changed over time during that period, the beginnings were strict. In the sculpture of standing figures what has been termed the â€Å"law of frontality† was enforced till almost the end of the sixth century. This placement consisted of the figures being posed looking straight ahead, standing straight, the eyes often appeared more bulbous, never truly sunken in and the ears were usually placed for esthetic purpose and not for anatomical correctness, usually being placed too high on the head. Even the hair was arranged in an almost geometrical pattern like style. (Chase 46) We see the law of frotnality readily apparent in both figures. The stance of Hercules is perhaps more naturalistic and relaxed and does not have the left foot forward. However, the Wounded Warrior does and is more representational of the Archaic Style. Notably and fortunately missing from this period are some of the other Archaic element. The Roman art made correction for anatomy and the figures ears and eyes are more in proportion with their figures as well as being anatomically correct. Another feature that has been lost ois what was termed the â€Å"Archaic Smile† of this period in Greek sculpture (Chase 47) This smile is a rather too happy sort of smile that one might not expect from the more stoic aspects of this period. It seems often out of place and unnatural. Many critics felt that this was simply an attempt by the artist of the time to add some personality or expression to the face. The Roman art lost this appellation and created more natural figure. There is an overall more natural state, the figure and the face seem to be responding to their environment and are not contrived or artificially posed as in the Greek Archaic styles. The Wounded Warrior is actually a copy made of a Greek original from the Archaic period of the fifth century. At first it seems that the warrior

Dust Heaps in Our Mutual Friend Essay -- Charles Dickens Victorian Era

Dust Heaps Dust develops. The famed Dust Heaps in Our Mutual Friend are simply large mountains of †¦ well, dust. One cannot fully judge the purpose of Dickens’ incorporation of dust heaps in his novel without background information on them. The question being what is a dust heap? Apparently the answer â€Å"heaps of dust† is not good enough. In the Victorian era dust heaps were filled with useful garbage. Dust heaps were made up of many different things. One such ingredient – also the main ingredient – was fine cinders and ashes. These items, along with some soil, were sold to brick makers for making bricks, and to farmers for manure – especially for clover. The next item tended to be pieces of coal which were usually there because a servant’s carelessness. The coal was either resold or simply used. Another portion of the dust heaps was made from ‘breeze’. According to â€Å"Dust; or Ugliness Redeemed†, breeze was named after the cinders which were â€Å"left after the wind has blown the finer cinders through an upright sieve†. These ciders were also sold to brick makers, but for burning the b...

Man vs. Fishing Boat Essay

It was a cloudy summer day, the first week in June following my high school graduation. I was meeting my boyfriend and his family out on Shasta Lake who were enjoying the week on a houseboat. This would be the first time meeting all his aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins. I did not expect for the meeting to end up like this. Brandon, my boyfriend, and his younger cousin, Jake, picked me up at Packers Bay in the ski boat. It was a chilly morning and I was in shorts and tank top and had only my towel to keep me warm. The boys forgot where the houseboat was parked in the lake. We spent the next hour and half searching the entire area of Shasta Lake for their houseboat. â€Å"Brandon, just call your mom and ask where they’re at,† I mentioned as an idea. â€Å"Embarrassing as it is, I guess I will,† Brandon sighed. He called his mom, and the first thing she said, â€Å"Your lost aren’t you?† Mothers know everything. We finally found our way to the houseboat. We climbed out of the boat, and one after another, each family member said their hellos and each gave me a very welcoming hug. I felt like family already. We sat in the houseboat for about 30 minutes socializing and eating breakfast, when Brandon’s dad, Gary, decided to tell us we were moving the houseboat to a different spot for the day. Moving the houseboat is a lot more challenging than just one boat because the Connolly’s also had two jet skies, the ski boat and an old tin fishing boat (which wasn’t even registered). â€Å"Brandon, you and Ally take the ski boat. Jake, you hop in the fishing boat and the girls got the jet skies. Get out in front and lead the way to another cove,† Gary said with much authority. So Brandon and I jumped in the ski boat and drove out way past the houseboat waiting for everyone to get situated. Jake, 15 at the time took control of the tin fishing boat. We all figured that he had driven a boat like that before, but we may have been wrong. Enjoying the cloudy day, Brandon and I sat in the ski boat waiting for Jake to make his move. And we heard the motor start and Jake was moving. Phew. There were some waves coming from Brandon’s messing around in the boat that Jake was hitting, but we didn’t think anything of it. After talking for a little bit, we turn around to check on Jake’s progress and we see him flying through the air and the tin boat going very fast around and around and Jake was no where to be found. His head popped up out of the water and than his hand came up with his phone in hand and he screamed, â€Å"Help!† Brandon threw him and a life buoy and told him, â€Å"GET AWAY FROM THE BOAT!† The boat was still spinning out of control and one hit from the tin boat would kill Jake instantly. Since it was a cold morning, Jake was in two pairs of sweatpants and a sweatshirt and he had his Nike tennis shoes on. Swimming was a lot more difficult. He reached the life buoy and made it safely to our ski boat. But this wasn’t the tragic event. It took a while for the family on the houseboat to realize what was going on, than next thing we know we see Uncle Dan fly out on one of the jet skies. He seemed like superman or maybe even batman. He looked like he was going to be the hero of this crazy event. We never even thought he would be the victim. From the ski boat, Brandon, Jake, and I all thought that with the tin fishing boat spinning out of control, Uncle Dan was just going to take the front of the jet ski and stop the tin boat. Nope. Wrong. Next thing we know he is in the water. â€Å"What is he doing?† I asked Brandon in a very worrisome voice. â€Å"I’m not quite sure.† He replied. Dan swims towards the spinning boat and reaches to grab the front of it when it comes around and he misses. So he goes in one more time. Strike two. Misses again. Third times a charm? Not in this story. He swims in for the third time and as the boat makes its 360 rotation it seemed, as every noise around us was silent except for the sound of rocks in a motor. But it wasn’t rocks. It was Uncle Dan. I looked at Brandon and Jake in horror. What was going on? It seemed like he was in the water forever before he popped up. Finally he did. In a very settle and quite voice, he raises his hand covered in red thick blood and a face that looked like it was dipped in ketchup, says, â€Å"Help. Help. I’m hurt.† I scream at Brandon and Jake, both swimmers, â€Å"Help him! Get in the water. Help him!† Brandon and Jake start stripping off their clothes one at a time and Jake was in the water within seconds. Swimming like it was the last meet of his life, he swims over to Uncle Dan and, with his adrenaline, lifts the middle-aged man onto the jet ski. Blood was everywhere and the tin boat was still spinning. Jake speeds the jet ski along with Uncle Dan and his wounded body towards the shore where the houseboat was still vacated and the next thing I see is Jake’s mother, who is also Dan’s sister, strip completely naked and used her clothes to wrap up his arm and face. I’ve never been so shocked and scared in my life. Seeing a hand sliced up from the elbow down to the tips of the fingers and a face covered in blood coming from the eye and side of the face, which hid his pain. He was being so tough and he just kept saying in a mellow tone, â€Å"I just don’t want to loose my hand.† He repeated this many times. Next thing I know, Gary was the driver of the ski boat with Uncle Dan laid out in the boat with naked Aunt Janine at his side, they were off to the shore where the ambulance helicopter was meeting to take him to the emergency room. We all else went back on the houseboat and comforted Jake and everyone effected by this horrific accident. The cloudy day served it’s purpose. After the cops asked all their questions to all of us involved, and finally crashed into the tin fishing boat with their sheriff boat, we could all just relax on the houseboat and wait for the call from the hospital to hear the news of Uncle Dan.

Why Relying on Welfare System Should Be Avoided Essay

The welfare system was created before the government welfare programs started. The system was created to help single mothers, children with disabilities, unemployment and, underemployment. The system offers many different ways to help such as: cash assistance, food stamps, employment assistance, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The system has helped a lot of needy families and still continues to help a lot of families. Many Americans have now started to qualify for help from the system. So people will get help from the system and stay on it just because it’s free. In the article (Why get off welfare) by Michael Tanner he made a statement saying: But there is also evidence that many are reluctant to accept available†¦show more content†¦We need to change the criteria of how you receive the help, while also looking into the lives of people receiving help from the system. This will ensure that they are using the systems benefits the right way and will not become dependent on the system. The system was created to give temporary help not lifetime help! Americans have become lazy and have started to depend on the monthly check they receive from the system. Paul Christopher pointed out that â€Å"their problems with welfare seem to be that in their own opinion welfare is far too easy to get, has way too many benefits and pays much too much in actual cash. And of course, I’d be remiss in not mentioning that everyone on welfare is milking the system and lazy.† Everybody sees that the system is being used by people that don’t really need it but just want it because they can. We have people that actually n eed the system and get denied for the system and that is sad. The ones that really need the help cannot get help from the system and are left struggling, watching other milky up the system. The same people that do not need welfare but takes advantage of it, are the same people that start the generational curse on the welfare system. Americans that have kids and are one the system majority of the time their children will follow in the same footsteps. I say that because since people are relying on the system long-term then there children will want to do the same. This causesShow MoreRelatedEssay On Folic Acid In New Zealand1558 Words   |  7 PagesNew Zealands public health system is often considered to be on par with the worlds best. Our social welfare system cares for people without bankrupting them and we have a range of guidelines to ensure that our food and resources are safe. However, it may be that we are failing in key areas of our health system, particularly in the prevention of neural tube defects such as spina bifida. 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